k3 spark mineral

 Mineral :

Minerals are inorganic substances required by the human body very small very small amounts for its growth and maintenance of its normal functions.

Function of minerals :

General functions of minerals ;

 ➤ Minerals are essential constituent of all cells.

 ➤ Maintenance of osmotic pressure of body fluids.

 ➤ Essential in that transport of gases. 

 ➤ play an important role in water balance. 

 ➤ the regulate the excitability of muscular and nervous system. 

 ➤ needed in the formation of bones and teeth. 

Classification :

Minerals are classified into two groups;

 > Principal elements : These are found in the body in greater concentration. these include sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium phosphorus Sulphur and chlorine. 

 >trece elements : These are found in the body in lower concentration. These include - chromium, cobalt, copper, fluorine, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, silicon, vanadium, zinc.

Daily requirement of a different important minerals:

1. Sodium 3.0 gm

2. Potassium 1.0 gm

3. Calcium 1.2 gm

4. Chloride 3.5 gm

5. Phosphorus 1.2 gm

6. Iron 18.0 gm

7. Iodine 150.0 gm

8. Magnesium 0.4 gm

9. Zinc 15.0 gm

10. Copper Unknown

11. Manganese Unknown

12. Cobalt Unknown

           Sodium 

Sources ;

Table salt, most cereals, milk, fruits vegetables.

Functions;

 ⇨It is the main base of the body. 

 ⇨It is the chief extra cellular cation.

 ⇨It maintains the neuro-muscular conductivity and irritability.

 ⇨It maintains cardiac rhythmicity and contractility. 

Related disorder ;

 ⇨Hyponatremia - When sodium concentration of blood is decreased.

 ⇨Hypernatremia - When sodium concentration of blood is increased.

            POTASSIUM

Sources; 

Cereals, bananas, orange, chicken, beef, liver, vegetable, water etc.

Functions ; 

 ⇨With sodium, it forms the main base of the body. 

 ⇨It is the Chief intracellular cation.

 ⇨It is responsible for maintaining the membrane potential of all irritable cells.

 ⇨Essential is conduction of nerve impulse.

 ⇨It influence the activity of cardiac muscle.

Related disorder;

Hyperkalemia- Increased level of potassium in serum.

Hypokalemia- Decreased level of potassium in serum.